The last decade has seen huge developments in the field of healthcare and medical science. One particularly interesting field is neurology. Neurological enhancement refers to the use of advanced technologies to improve human cognitive abilities by directly interacting with the brain. This field primarily involves brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) that can ‘read’ brain activity and, increasingly, ’write’ or send signals back to the brain, creating bidirectional communication systems. Such interfaces aim to provide what is called ‘brain transparency’, allowing for enhanced control, cognition, and potentially, recovery from neurological impairments.Recent breakthroughs include the development of two-way adaptive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that not only decode brain signals but also provide real-time feedback to the brain, significantly boosting communication efficiency and reducing energy consumption. These systems enable more complex brain-controlled tasks, such as hands-free drone operation, and hold promise for restoring lost abilities in patients with brain damage.To be continued....